Geopolitical Changes, Emerging Countries (BRICS) and the Question of Sub-Imperialism Today the Case of Brazil
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Abstract
In the second half of the last century fundamental and historical geopolitical changes took place in the world. In the three semi-peripheral regions of the world (Southern Europe, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe) the different types of authoritarian and bureaucratic dictatorships failed. Emerging countries, particularly the group of BRICS countries, came to the fore in world politics. In Latin America, the era of states of exception ended and the process of democratization and the establishment of hybrid democratic political systems began. The bipolar world ended and the process of building the multipolar world commenced. Simultaneously with these processes and phenomena, in recent years the concept of sub-imperialism, elaborated by Ruy Mauro Marini in the 1970s, has been reconsidered. The question arises: how valid is today the concept and thought of Ruy Mauro Marini and can this concept be understood to describe and interpret the phenomena of half a century later? How can we characterize Brazil: is it a sub-imperialism and/or a great power?
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