Állami támogatások a geopolitikai célok szolgálatában

Absztrakt

The role of the state aid rules each age and era went beyond the local, country level, topical, internal politics motivated considerations. Especially in such countries, beyond objectives of such middle and great powers where the subsidy policy served geopolitical purposes. The mulilateral trade system, institunally World Trade Organisation, created a very specific and less effective set of rules on subsidies. Rules contained in separate agreements on the one hand, they do not lay down strict rules and, on the other hand, the dispute settlement system available to enforce the rules may (only) require harmonization of the disputed rules of a given WTO member pursuant to its WTO-undertaking, even after several years of legal proceedings.
Thus, the current multilateral trade rules provide a wide maneuver for Members with high economic power that can also use their state aid regime to

• acquire globally existing industries and even control supply monopolistically


• or gain advantage in the global market for new, emerging industries and new technologies that companies in other countries with similar economic power do not reach the same level of competition at all


• last but not least, to acquire existing companies with technology and markets from state resources

Given that the decision-making process of the multilateral trading system, with a few exceptions, requires unanimity, thus creating new rules that are less distortive of international trade than at present, there is little room for maneuver in the current institutional structure.