Multipoláris világrend és birodalomépítés: az orosz külpolitika neoázsiai alapjai

Absztrakt

The historical and civilizational processes play a significant role in the development of the Russian geopolitical thinking and its discourse. Several streams: slavophile stream, occidentalists (oriented-to-the-west), and eurasianism prove the above mentioned statement.According to the representatives of eurasianism Russia is a great power and at the same time is the Heartland of the world with specific features of its own.The Heartland is situated somewhere between East and West,which belongs neither to Europe nor to Asia. Russia represents and embodies Eurasia and the Eurasian civilization. with its characteristic features. The founder of the theory and movement of eurasianism was the classical thinker and author, P. Szavickij who lived in exile between the two world wars.By the 1930s eurasianism as a movement ceased exist.Eurasianism as an idea and theory began to revive in the works of L.Gumiljov in the 1960s. In the 1990s the most-known and most influental representative of that idea is A. Dugin, who developed the theory of neo-eurasianism.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 the Russian leadership utilized the Russian geopolitics as a scientific source for elaborating the strategy of its foreign affairs. It aimed at reorganising the empire, regaining the status of great power, developing a multipolar international system and pursuing expansionist policies.
In this working process the views and ideas of so-called „Moscow school” represented by Alexander Dugin played an especially important part.In his works A. Dugin analyses the eurasianistic character of Russia, the fourpoled system of world, the redistribution of spheres of influence and objects to atlantism and unipolar globalization led by the USA.