Buyruq : egy ótörök tisztségnév anatómiája

Absztrakt

This paper deals with the career of the well-known Old Turkic title buyruq. The most plausible etymology for this word is the Turkic verb buyur- to command, even that this verb is not attested by the Old Turkic sources. The meaning of buyruq is so 'commanded (by the Khagan) to do something.' The Chinese equivalent of this title is mei-lu, or mei-lu tu-tu (*buyruq-tutuq). Mahmud al-Kashghari recorded it in the form of biruq, and translated it to Arabic as 'chamberlain'. The buyruq was not a part of the traditional tribal aristocracy. From the examples shown in the paper it will be clear that each buyruq had an occasional duty according to the Khagan's actual commands, which no traditional and permanent place in the Turkic hierarchy. Some buyruq were also present in the courts of the mighty aristocrats or venerable ladies of the Empire. From the Uighur period on, we can see the uluy uyruq who had the duty of the governor of a tribe and the ic buyruq who were in court service.