Megjegyzések a PVL fehér és fekete magyarjaihoz

Abstract

The Russian Primary Chronicle (Povest' Vremennykh Let) described the contacts between the nomadic peoples and the Slavs in its undated section as follows: „Now while the Slavs dwelt along the Danube, as we have said, there came from among the Scythians, that is, from the Khazars, a people called Bulgars who settled on the Danube and oppressed the Slavs. Afterward came the White Ugrians, who inherited the Slavic country. These Ugrians appeared under the Emperor Heraclius, warring on Chosroes, King of Persia. The Avars, who attacked Heraclius the Emperor, nearly capturing him, also lived at this time. They made war upon the Slavs, and harassed the Dulebians, who were themselves Slavs. They even did violence to the Dulebian women. When an Avar made a journey, he did not cause either a horse or a steer to be harnessed, but gave command instead that three of four or five woman should be yoked to his cart and be made to draw him Even thus they harassed the Dulebians. The Avars were large of stature and proud of spirit, and God destroyed them. They all perished, and not one Avar survived. There is to this day a proverb in Rus' which runs, „They perished like the Avars." Neither race nor heir of them remains. The Pechenegs came after them, and the Black Ugrians passed by Kiev later during the time of Oleg." Some scholars identified the White Ugrians with the Khazars, Saragurs, Hungarians etc., those live in 7th century. They identified the White Ugrians with the Ugrians in the reign of Heraclius. This is a mistake. The PVL on the Ugrians took the passage from an earlier Slavic translatin of a Byzantine source, where the ethnonym was Turks meaning Western Turks or Khazars. The translator of the Greek text, which was the source of the PVL, interpreted the ethnic names according his age. As the Turks in Byzantine usage denoted the Hungarians, he used the Slavic pendant i. e. Ugrians. Other scholars identified the migrations of White Ugrians and the Black Ugrians with the Hungarian Conquest in the end of the 9th century. They presumed the sentences by the Ugrians, Avars, Dulebians and Pechenegs is a interpolation. Also this is a mistake. The a russian author of the Primary Chronicle made the description by the enemies of the Slavs. He depicted the invasions of the Bulgars, the White Ugrians (Hungarians) and the Pechenegs. Then he fit into - mistakenly - interpolation on the Ugrians (Westem Turks-Khazars), Avars and Dulebians in the description. Later, a other author misinterpreted the interpolation. He calculated the White Ugrians lived in the 7th century like the Ugrians (Western Turks-Khazars) and Avars. But he read by the Ugrians (Hungarians) lived in the the end of the 9th century in the PVL. Accordingly he pieced a interpolation by the (Black) Ugrians in the end of description.