Crisis de sistema(s) y transiciones del fin del siglo XX en las áreas semiperiféricas del mundo

Resumo

The nature of the transitions in these
regions of the world (Southern Europe, Central
Eastern Europe and Latin America) reflects
their historical antecedents, the particularities of
the period when they occured, and the current
balance of the respective international forces.
The distinctive feature of the Central-Eastern
European transitions is that these changes were
not limited to the transformations of their respective
political regimes, but affected their entire
socioeconomic structure, this is why they
served as origins of tensions that lasted for various
decades. In each of these countries, different
types of dictatorial or authoritarian regimes
were established in the first half of the 20th
century, and played a different role in World
War II. With the exception of Yugoslavia, they
all took part in the military and economic
organizations of the Eastern block (the Warsaw
Pact, COMECON), within the context of the
bipolar system of powers. Due to their semiperipheral
character, most of them had limited
opportunities to catch up with the more developed
countries even after the transition, and
their steps taken in this direction were hesitants.
The comparison between their respective
transitions is further complicated by their
different political-cultural traditions and by the
consequences of the globalization of societies,
due to the effects of the serious global economic
and financial crisis that unfolded in 2008
and is still present nowadays.