Az elektromobilitás európai terjedését befolyásoló tényezők

Absztrakt

The aim of this paper is to collect the electric vehicle sales of selected European countries and to examine which factors cause the wide difference in the market shares of electric vehicles across Europe. For the research publicly available databases were used namely the European Automobile Manufacturers Association quarterly issued alternative fuel vehicle registration figures, Eurostat database and European Alternative Fuel Observatory database. In this paper under the term electric vehicle I meant battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In 2017 291 137 electric vehicles were registered in the European Union which meant 1,9 % market share. In Norway electric vehicles had an unusually high 36,7 % market share in 2017 with 58 190 electric car registrations. 77 percent of Europe’s electric vehicle registrations were made in only 5 countries which represents the huge imbalances in electric car sales in Europe. According to the European Union’s car CO2 reduction act car manufacturers must reduce their car fleet’s CO2 emission by 37,5% by 2030 calculated from 2021 emission levels. The act also sets electric vehicle sales targets of 35 % for 2030. In order to discover the current barriers of electric vehicle uptake I examined Transport & Environment’s 2018 and European Commission’s 2017 surveys about the factors influencing people’s car buying choice. According to both surveys the 2 main reasons people do not buy electric vehicles are the high price of those and the concerns about charger infrastructure availability. I verified the statements of the surveys with examining the correlation between electric vehicle sales and GDP per capita and the correlation between electric vehicle sales and electric chargers per capita. In the primer case the correlation was 0,65, in the latter case 0,71. The correlation results showed the existing moderately strong connection between electric vehicle sales and charger availability as well as affordability.