Etelköz nyugati széle az újabb, 9. századi magyarokkal kapcsolatba hozható régészeti leletek tükrében

Absztrakt

The archaeological traces of the Proto-Hungarians were unknown in the area between the Dniester and Prut rivers (Danube delta) for a long time. Over the last ten years were discovered new graves of ’Hungarian type’ in the Dniester region as well the Danube delta region and earlier discovered finds were identified with the Proto-Hungarians of the ninth century. On the basis of the topography of the new group of the ’Hungarian type’ material we can revise a few questions connecting with the Proto-Hungarians of the ninth century. The main results are: 1. The westernmost group of the Hungarians lived on the borderland of the Danubian Bulgaria (between the northern and southern ’Basarabian Walls’ and south of the southern ’Basarabian Wall’). 2. The topography of the ’Hungarian type’ graves partially overlaps the territory of the settled local population so, a part of the Hungarians lived within an agricultural zone. 3. This Hungarians perhaps settled here with the consent of the Danubian Bulgars and were in alliance with them. 4. The topography supports the authenticity of the information of Symeon Logothetes on the participation of the Hungarians in the events in 837–838 (revolt of the Byzantine captives of the Bulgars). 5. The topography verifies the information of the De administrando imperio and al-Jayhānī on the western border zone of Atelkuzu (Sereth and Danube rivers). 6. The Hungarians got to know toponym Dūnā and ethnonym *onūndur (Hung. nándor ’Danubian Bulgar’) in this region. 7. The meeting of Saint Methodius with the Hungarian ’king’ could be localized in the Lower Danube area.