Anonymus, az Excidium Troiae és a XII. századi reneszánsz

Absztrakt

It is widely accepted that one of the most influential sources of the Hungarian Anonymous’s Gesta (cca. 1200) was a shortened story of the siege of Troy, called Excidium Troiae. Recently a new edition has been published by Michele Campopiano that made fitting to revise former historiography. Apparently Anonymous used the version of Guido Pisanus, that survived in a single manuscript in Brussel (BR 3897–3919), copied between cca. 1150 and 1170/80 in Italy, while the original lost one may has been finished between 1107 and 1118/19. It is noteworthy that the Excidium was accompanied by the oldest copy of the J2 version of the Historia de Preliis, cited widely by the Hungarian author. It seems convincing that the editor of both texts was the same Guido suggested by Campopiano and Ulrich Mölk.
The Hungarian chronicler used several fruits of the so called XIIth century renaissance, partly the rhetorical manual of Ugo Bononiensis, composed between 1119 and 1124, partly the glosses of the Roman law, namely the term embola. The present paper does not at all exclude the possibility that the term probably was used by an earlier Hungarian chronicler, later borrowed by Anonymous, but not long ago, as the first literary use of this originally legal term turned up in the De naturis rerum of Alexander Neckam, written cca. 1190–1200. As the dating of Anonymous’s Gesta has been discussed as uncertain for a long time, this paper supports the traditionally accepted dating for the turn of the XIIth– XIIIth century, rather the first decades of the XIIIth.